National Center for Competency Testing (NCCT) Medical Assistant Practice Test

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What is the mechanism of action for nitroglycerin?

Increases heart rate
Vasodilation
Decreases blood pressure
Stimulates appetite

The correct answer is: Vasodilation

Nitroglycerin primarily works through vasodilation, which is the widening of blood vessels. This action occurs because nitroglycerin is converted into nitric oxide in the body, a potent vasodilator. When blood vessels dilate, there is a reduction in resistance against which the heart must pump, leading to decreased myocardial oxygen demand. This property makes nitroglycerin particularly effective in treating conditions like angina pectoris, where there is insufficient blood flow to the heart muscle. While it is true that vasodilation can lead to a decrease in blood pressure, the specific mechanism through which nitroglycerin exerts its therapeutic effects is the direct relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. This facilitates increased blood flow to the heart and reduces the workload on it, which is crucial in managing chest pain and other related heart conditions. Therefore, the correct answer emphasizes its primary role in causing vasodilation.